Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Vaccination with Embryonic Stem Cells Protects against Lung Cancer: Is a Broad-Spectrum Prophylactic Vaccine against Cancer Possible?

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042289

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Bar graph showing GM-CSF expression in non-transduced and retrovirally transduced STO fibroblasts. Error bars represent mean ± SD. *, p<0.05; relative to non-transduced STO cells; t test. ( B ) Scheme of immunization. Male C57BL/6 mice were immunized twice (days 0 and 14) with HBSS (control), or irradiated 1×10 6 ESC+irradiated 1×10 6 GM-CSF-expressing STO murine embryonic fibroblasts (STO-GM) s.c. in the right flank. Seven days after boost, mice were challenged with 1×10 5 Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) s.c. in the left flank. ( C ) C57BL/6 mice (10/group) were immunized twice (days 0 and 14) with HBSS (control), or irradiated 1×10 6 ESC+irradiated 1×10 6 STO-GM, or irradiated 1×10 6 STO-GM cells alone s.c. in the right flank prior to s.c. challenge with LLC on day 21. Tumor growth was monitored daily in all animals until sacrifice due to tumors exceeding 5% of body weight. The vaccinated tumor free mice remained so for up to 4 months later with no overt signs of distress or autoimmunity. are representative of three independent experiments. **, p <0.001; relative to control group; log-rank test. ( D ). Tumor growth was measured by calipers every 2nd or 3rd day and tumor volumes were plotted as indicated. The data represent the average tumor volumes of 10 mice/control group and 3 mice/ESC/STO-GM group and are representative of three independent experiments. Error bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: As a vaccine, we employed the murine embryonic stem cell (ESC) line, ES-D3 (ATCC CRL-11632), derived from 129/Sv mice (expressing MHC class II I-E).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Irradiation